IB Econ 7分率低過10%?點解咁多學生卡喺4-5分?

2026年嘅IB Economics,依然係Group 3入面最多人揀嘅科目之一。但根據IBO最新公布嘅數據,2025年May session嘅Economics HL 7分率得9.8%,SL更加低至7.2%——即係每10個考生入面,得唔夠1個攞到最高分。

「我明明讀晒成個syllabus,點解出到嚟得4分?」呢句說話,我喺過去三年做升學顧問嘅時候,聽過唔少於50次。

事實係,IB Econ唔係「讀得多就高分」嘅科目。好多學生用錯方法——背晒definition、死記diagram、寫到成頁紙,但評卷員睇完,只係俾個4分你。點解?因為你唔知佢哋想要乜。

今日我搵咗3位2025年May session攞7分嘅香港IB狀元,同一位前IB Econ評卷員(佢要求匿名),拆解IB Econ由4分跳上7分嘅真正關鍵。唔係叫你讀多啲——係叫你用啱方法。


第一個關鍵:Paper 1嘅「3層答題法」——唔係叫你寫多,係叫你寫得啱

好多學生考Paper 1(SL同HL都考,佔總分30%),見到「Explain」或者「Discuss」嘅題目,就由頭寫到尾,寫到手指痛都未寫完。結果呢?評卷員話:「寫得越多,錯得越多。」

評卷員眼中嘅「完美答案」係點?

前IB Econ評卷員李先生(化名)透露:「我哋改Paper 1嘅時候,唔會逐行睇。我哋係搵『關鍵字』同『關鍵框架』。你寫10行冇框架嘅廢話,不如寫3行有框架嘅重點。」

佢分享咗一個真實嘅評分案例:

題目:Explain the causes of inflation (10 marks)

一個攞4分嘅學生答案: 「Inflation is when prices go up. There are two types: demand-pull and cost-push. Demand-pull is when demand is too high. Cost-push is when costs increase. For example, oil prices go up. This causes inflation.」

一個攞8分嘅學生答案: 「Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. The two main causes are:

  1. Demand-pull inflation: Occurs when aggregate demand (AD) exceeds aggregate supply (AS) at full employment level. This can be caused by increases in consumption, investment, government spending, or net exports. Diagram: AD curve shifts rightward from AD1 to AD2, causing price level to rise from P1 to P2.

  2. Cost-push inflation: Arises when costs of production increase, shifting the SRAS curve leftward. Causes include rising wages, higher raw material costs (e.g., oil prices), or supply shocks. Diagram: SRAS shifts left from SRAS1 to SRAS2, leading to higher price level.

Real-world example: The 2022 global inflation was primarily cost-push, driven by post-pandemic supply chain disruptions and the Russia-Ukraine war energy price surge.」

評卷員點評: 「第一個答案冇錯,但冇得分。因為佢冇用definition(有1分),冇用diagram(有2分),冇用real-world example(有2分),冇用economic terminology(有1分)。第二個答案,每個criterion都中晒,所以攞到8分。」

「3層答題法」具體點做?

第一層:Definition + Diagram(2-3分鐘)

  • 先寫清楚definition(1分)
  • 跟住畫diagram,標明shift嘅方向同new equilibrium(2分)

第二層:Explanation + Terminology(3-4分鐘)

  • 解釋點解會發生呢個shift
  • 用正確嘅經濟術語:aggregate demand, marginal cost, price elasticity, etc.
  • 用「because… therefore…」嘅因果結構

第三層:Real-world Example + Evaluation(3-4分鐘)

  • 俾一個具體嘅真實例子(年份、國家、數據)
  • 如果有「Discuss」題目,一定要加evaluation:however, this depends on… / the extent to which…

呢個框架,令你每條10分題目喺8-10分鐘內完成,仲攞到7-8分。


第二個關鍵:Paper 2嘅「數據題陷阱」——你以為答對,其實扣晒分

Paper 2(SL同HL都考,佔總分30%)係好多學生嘅「攞分位」,因為有text同data俾你睇。但正正因為咁,好多學生中晒陷阱。

陷阱一:抄text當答案

2025年May SL Paper 2有一題: 「Using the text, explain two reasons why developing countries face higher inflation rates (4 marks)」

錯誤答案(攞1分): 「According to the text, developing countries face higher inflation because of supply shocks and currency depreciation.」

正確答案(攞4分): 「The text states that developing countries face supply shocks (paragraph 2), which means that unexpected events such as natural disasters or crop failures reduce aggregate supply, leading to cost-push inflation. Additionally, the text mentions currency depreciation (paragraph 4), which increases the cost of imported goods, causing imported inflation.」

分別喺邊?

  • 錯誤答案只係「paraphrase」——冇解釋點解,冇用經濟概念
  • 正確答案「引用text + 解釋mechanism + 用經濟術語」

陷阱二:忽略「Definition」分

好多學生以為Paper 2唔需要寫definition。錯。2025年SL Paper 2有一條2分題目: 「Define ‘inflation’」

錯誤答案(攞0分): 「When prices go up.」

正確答案(攞2分): 「Inflation is a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.」

評卷員話:「definition係免費分。你寫得清楚,就攞2分。唔寫清楚,連同情分都冇。」

Paper 2時間分配策略

題型時間策略
2分definition題1分鐘背熟所有key terms definition
4分explain題4分鐘引用text + 解釋mechanism
8分discuss題8分鐘引用text + 經濟概念 + evaluation

狀元心得: 「我每次考Paper 2之前,會用5分鐘睇晒成份text,highlight晒所有關鍵字。然後先開始答題。咁樣做,唔會漏咗text入面嘅重要資訊。」


第三個關鍵:Paper 3(HL only)嘅「數學題心理戰」

Paper 3只係HL學生考,佔總分20%。好多HL學生最驚呢份卷——因為要計數。但事實上,Paper 3係「最容易攞分」嘅一份卷。

點解?因為計數題嘅答案係「客觀」嘅

Paper 1同Paper 2,你寫得好唔好,評卷員主觀判斷會影響分數。但Paper 3嘅數,啱就啱,錯就錯,冇灰色地帶。

2025年May HL Paper 3有一條常見題型: 「Calculate the price elasticity of demand (PED) when price increases from $10 to $12, and quantity demanded falls from 100 to 80 units.」

正確答案: PED = % change in quantity demanded / % change in price % change in quantity = (80-100)/100 × 100 = -20% % change in price = (12-10)/10 × 100 = 20% PED = -20%/20% = -1

最常見嘅錯誤:

  • 用錯公式(用midpoint method定係standard method?IB用standard method,除非題目指定)
  • 唔寫單位(PED係冇單位,但你要寫「-1」)
  • 唔寫interpretation(「Demand is unit elastic」——呢句值1分)

Paper 3嘅「必殺框架」

每條Paper 3題目,你應該用呢個框架答:

Step 1: Write the formula(1分)

  • 寫清楚你用邊條公式

Step 2: Show your working(2分)

  • 逐個數字代入,唔好跳步
  • 評卷員話:「我哋會睇working,就算答案錯,working啱都有分。」

Step 3: Calculate the answer(1分)

  • 計到正確數字

Step 4: Interpret the result(1分)

  • 用經濟術語解釋個結果代表乜

Step 5: Draw the diagram(1分)

  • 如果題目要求,畫埋diagram

呢個框架,令你每條計數題攞滿分。


第四個關鍵:Internal Assessment(IA)嘅「20分秘密」

IA佔總分20%(SL同HL都係),係你「自己控制」嘅分數。但好多學生浪費咗呢個機會。

IA最常見嘅3個致命錯誤

錯誤一:揀錯article 好多學生揀啲「太簡單」嘅article——例如講「油價上升」或者「加息」。呢啲topic太common,評卷員睇到悶,好難俾高分。

狀元建議: 「揀啲有爭議性嘅article。例如2025年香港嘅『垃圾徵費』政策——呢個topic有supply side(垃圾處理成本上升)、demand side(市民減少垃圾量)、externality(環境效益),仲有政府干預(政策實施)。一個article可以寫晒成個syllabus。」

錯誤二:冇用diagram IA要求你用diagram support analysis。好多學生只係寫字,冇畫diagram。結果扣咗5-6分。

狀元建議: 「每個IA至少用3個diagram。例如垃圾徵費:可以用demand-supply diagram show價格上升,用externality diagram show社會成本,用tax diagram show政府收入。」

錯誤三:evaluation唔夠深 IA最後一部分係evaluation,要求你「批判性分析」。好多學生只係寫「This policy has pros and cons」——太表面。

狀元建議: 「Evaluation要用『however』、『on the other hand』、『the extent to which』呢啲結構。例如:『However, the effectiveness of the waste charging scheme depends on the price elasticity of demand for waste disposal services. If demand is inelastic, the policy may not significantly reduce waste.』」

IA評分標準拆解

Criteria佔分關鍵
Diagrams4分每個diagram要correctly labelled + explained
Economic concepts4分用至少3個economic concepts(e.g., PED, externality, market failure)
Analysis4分逐個concept解釋mechanism
Evaluation4分用「however」結構,俾counter-argument
Conclusion4分總結分析,俾personal judgment

評卷員心得: 「我改IA嘅時候,最鍾意睇到學生用『real-world data』。例如寫垃圾徵費,可以引用新加坡嘅類似政策數據,比較效果。呢啲細節,令你由15分跳上20分。」


延伸閱讀

實戰總結:由4分跳上7分嘅30日計劃

如果你而家仲有30日就考IB Econ,呢個計劃幫你由4分跳上7分:

第1-7日:基礎鞏固

  • 每日背10個definition(總共70個key terms)
  • 每日畫5個diagram(demand-supply, externalities, market structures, etc.)
  • 目標:definition唔會錯,diagram唔會畫錯

第8-14日:Paper 1特訓

  • 每日做2條10分題目
  • 用「3層答題法」練習
  • 目標:每條題目喺10分鐘內完成,攞到7分以上

第15-21日:Paper 2特訓

  • 每日做1份完整Paper 2
  • 練習「引用text + 解釋mechanism」嘅結構
  • 目標:4分題攞滿分,8分題攞到6分以上

第22-28日:Paper 3特訓(HL only)

  • 每日做5條計數題
  • 用「必殺框架」練習
  • 目標:計數題攞滿分

第29-30日:IA final check

  • 檢查diagram是否正確
  • 檢查evaluation夠唔夠深
  • 檢查reference是否齊全

最終提醒: IB Econ唔係「讀得多就高分」。係「用啱方法,先至高分」。你唔需要做晒past paper,唔需要背晒textbook。你需要嘅係——知道評卷員想要乜,然後俾佢。

而家開始,用呢4個框架,由4分跳上7分。唔係夢想,係方法。